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Pros and Cons of Different Direct Part Marking Methods

There are different types of direct marking methods and the pros and cons of each method are discussed in the articles.

The direct part marking process that has become popular for its numerous advantages can be applied to the items by several different methods. Each method of DPM has its own benefit and requirement depending on the type of item and its functionality. The contractors or the suppliers who are in charge of the items and who are responsible for marking the items with UID need to select the method depending on the type of material for marking, the implementation of marking cost and the reading technology.

The basic types of direct part marking are the intrusive and the non-intrusive marking methods. With the intrusive marking method, there is a direct contact between the surface of the item for marking and the marking device. On the other hand, the non-intrusive direct part marking method doesn’t require such contact. Different types of direct part marking include grooving, engraving, burning, etching and painting.

Grooving

It is one of the intrusive types of DPM and otherwise known as “Dot Peening”. In this method the codes of the UID are grooved on the surface of the item by using a hard head of a marking machine. The device prints the codes by striking the surface subsequently. The advantages of the making procedure are low implementation and operating cost, manual or computer regulation, grooving alphanumeric characters as well as 2D data matrix code, small and convenient grooving device. The down side is that it cannot be applied on any surfaces and is more time-consuming than the laser marking.

Engraving

This is also an intrusive method of direct part marking in which the characters of the codes are directly engraved on the surface of the item or parts. Generally, a metal object is preferred for this marking procedure. The advantages of the methods include low implementation and medium operating costs. The devices are computer controlled or manually handled, and hence, can be used at assembly line. The device used for the method is small and can engrave one dimensional barcodes, trademarks and alphanumeric characters. The shortcomings of the method are it can’t be applied on any surface, its quite time –consuming and it can’t mark 2 dimensional barcode symbols.

Laser Burning

This process of Direct part marking involves use of laser beam to mark the surface of the item to be marked. The benefits of laser burning is that it can produce high quality legibility of the codes, minimum size of the codes on a small surface, assure durability, cost effective operation prices, faster marking. It can be used on any surface and produce UID marking for the items. However, it has its own share of disadvantages. The marking machine used for this is bigger and the implementation cost of the method is comparatively high.

Etching

Etching involves chemical solutions and specific matrix to mark the items and parts with UID. The prime benefit of the method is its durability. The disadvantages are its high operating costs and long operation time. The barcodes produced in this method can’t be machine made or automatic.

Painting

A specific kind of ink is used to put the marks on the surface by painting method. However, marking speed is the noteworthy benefit of the method. This method can’t assure durability of the code.

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MIL-STD-130 Spec - A Standard aide for UID Marking

The UID marking requirements of the items are specified and defined by the MIL-STD-130 spec for enhanced item marking solution.

The Department of Defense has mandated that the all the UID qualifying items should be marked with UID as per the requirements of the MIL-STD-130 spec. The specifications mentioned in the standard states that all the new procurements as well as the legacy items should be marked with 2D data matrix barcode symbols. The symbol or the markings are either etched on the item and parts directly or marked on a UID nameplate or label which is affixed to the item. Basically, the MIL-STD-130 spec is about the UID marking of the items and defines every aspects of the UID marking.

UID Marking Requirements According to MIL-STD-130 Spec

The DoD requires that the UID marking of the items should be permanent for the functional lifetime of each item. It should be able to withstand the adverse working condition of the item and any chemical processing. Hence, the contractors of the suppliers have to take particular care about the methods that they chose for UID marking to meet the UID standard.

Whether the UID of the item is marked directly on the item or through the nameplates, the MIL-STD-130 spec has mentioned that the marking shouldn’t harm the item or its performance. The marking technologies and the metals of the nameplates should be decided carefully to ensure that the item functionality is not affected.

UID Marking Procedure According to MIL-STD-130 Spec

Although the prime requirement of UID marking is to mark all the UID qualified DoD items with machine readable 2D data matrix barcode symbols, there are other marking specifications mentioned in the standard. It is essential that the length of the UID code shouldn’t exceed 50 characters to comply with the ISO/IEC 15459-4. The font of the letters entered as the code may be Futura, Trebuchet MS, Arial, Gothic, or any other sans-serif fonts, but they should be capitals. In case of printing the numerals, the Roman numerals are applied when designated by the Government standard or applicable industry. Otherwise, the numerals are imprinted in Arabic fonts.

The MIL-STD-130 spec has mentioned different formats of marking different data elements such as Format 05 for Application Identifiers (AI), Format 06 for Data Identifiers (DI), Format 12 for Text Element Identifiers (TEI). The ISO/IEC 16022 requires that the item identification should be marked with Data Matrix ECC200 symbols.

The size of the modules shouldn’t be more than 0.025 inch and less than 0.0075 inch. And, the size of the module should not exceed 1 inch if it is a square symbol. The ratio between the narrow elements and wide elements can range from 2.1:1 to 3.1:1.

The Minimum Print Quality According to MIL-STD-130 Spec

There is a minimum print quality of the 2D data matrix symbols as well as linear barcode. The minimum grade for the linear barcode is 3.0. it is measured with a 0.005 inch aperture that has a 660nm light source wavelength. For the Data Matrix symbols the minimum quality is measured with an aperture of 0.005 inch and 650 nm ± 20 nm light source wavelength.

It is required that the DoD contractors need to follow the instructions and the MIL-STD-130 spec to produce quality UID marking solutions.

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Marking Requirements of UID Labels

Marking of UID labels is an important part of DoD’s item tracking process. The knowledge of UID label marking requirements will produce better marking solutions.

The UID labels are the perfect marking solution for the items that are not suitable for direct part marking. But, UID marking requires meet the UID standard to maintain a balance between markings of different items. Department of Defense has mandated that the item marking should comply with the standards of MIL-STD-130 and the contractors need to take care of each criteria of UID marking for marking the items. The maintenance of technical documentation and format in the marking is the challenging part of marking UID labels.

There are certain aspects of UID label making.

UID Labels Marking Requirements

The Department of Defense has mandated that the UID marking of the items should be in accordance with the criteria mentioned in the MIL-STD-130. The standard has mentioned that the contractors who are in charge of the items should mark them so as to meet the UID marking requirements.

The Data Required for UID Labels

The Government states the data that are essential for marking of the items with UID labels. The data include item number, part number, marking method, agency code, etc. Actually, the data elements require to construct the UID are the Unique identification of the item. As the data elements are entered in the 2D data matrix barcode format, it also requires a barcode scanner to decode the complete UID from the marking.

The UID data elements vary according to the construct of the Labels. The actual UID for Construct #1 consists of data such as Issuing Agency Code, Enterprise ID & Serial Number and for construct #2 it is Issuing Agency Code, Enterprise ID, and Part Number & Serial Number. On the other hand, the UID mark on the item consists of elements such as Enterprise ID & Serial Number with Data Qualifiers for Construct #1 and Enterprise ID, Part Number & Serial Number with Data Qualifiers for Construct #2.

The UID Label Construction

The marking of the UID labels should be according to particular format – construct #1 or construct #2. The UID standard requires that the data entered to the item s for the marking should be either of this formats for the barcode readers, scanner or verifier use the software that follows strict rules of UID constructions. If the data elements of the UID are not in the recommended format, it may be possible that the devices will not be able to decode the 2D data matrix barcode.

UID Labels Quality Assurance

As the UID labels are significant aspect of UID marking of the item and play a key role in the item management process, the quality of the labels are crucial feature of consideration. It is the responsibility of the contractors to investigate the manufacturing process of the vendors and present a Certificate of Conformance stating that the UID labels, nameplates or tags are manufactured keeping with the MIL-STD-130 standard.  However, the marking process of the contractors is reviewed to ensure that there is no damage in the labels and the marking process is also not altered.

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MIL-STD-130 Spec for UID Marking of the Item

UID marking is crucial in any business practice and the MIL-STD-130 spec has stated the criteria for UID marking for easier item management.

The MIL-STD-130 spec has stated certain criteria for UID marking of the items. The unique identification marking for the items is a procedure of Department of Defense to simplify the item tracking process. According to the MIL-STD-130 spec the qualifying items for having unique identification include items with acquisition cost over $5000, mission essential, controlled inventory or serially managed items, and component of delivered items. DoD requires that the items must be permanently marked with 2D data matrix barcode. The data elements of the unique identification are item number, part number, serial number, CAGE code, etc. As the UII of the items are crucial for the item tracking process, the DoD requires that the marking should b permanent for the functional life time of the item.

There are certain aspects of UID marking that are essential to follow to get UID compliance of the marking.

Durable Material for the UID Label-

Basically, UID labels are preferred when the environment of the item or part is not suitable for direct part marking. In such case, durability of the labels or nameplates comes under the quality checking of the item UID. Hence, it is required that the contractors must choose the right material for the manufacture of the labels. MIL-STD-130 spec requires that the material of the labels shouldn’t cause any harm to the material or functionality of the item. Also it is required that the material of the labels must able to resist adverse conditions such as water, excess temperature, chemical processing, sunlight and other elements. Of course, choosing the right material for the nameplates or labels and the proper marking technique make all difference to the performance of the item. In case of the Direct Part Marking, the marking techniques of the part and item should be chosen carefully to give a permanent marking solution for the item.

UID Compliance of the Data-

The MIL-STD-130 spec has provided clear instructions for the data elements that must for the UID construction. The data elements are entered in the 2D data matrix code and are decoded with the help of a barcode scanner or reader. The data elements are item number, part number, manufacturer’s code, serial number, CAGE code, construct type, etc. The marking procedure of the data must provide permanent marking solution for the item. The marking should comply with the UID standard of MIL-STD-130 spec otherwise the software of the barcode scanner will not be able to identify the codes. Accuracy of the data is another element that proves it to be UID Compliant.

UID Data Verification-

The UID data of all the items should be submitted to UID Registry for their approval. UID Registry is the store house of UID data of the items and accepts or rejects the documents submitted by the contractors by verifying the accuracy and UID compliance. Hence, before submitting the data, the suppliers must confirm that the construction and marking of the UID data are according to the MIL-STD-130 spec.

The MIL-STD-130 spec mentions the criteria of UID marking and hence, it should be followed by the suppliers while marking the items to make them comply with the UID standard.

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MIL-STD-130 Spec and Requirements for UID Marking

The MIL-STD-130 spec decides the standard of UID and hence, has mentioned the criteria for UID marking of the DoD items.

MIL-STD-130 spec and standards are approved by the DoD that provides insight and guidelines for implementation of the unique identification marking for the DoD assets. The standard is also accepted by all the departments and agencies of the DoD. The unique identification of the items is marked to the item according to the specified standard. In fact, the MIL-STD-130 spec satisfies the marking of the DoD items to be UID certified. The standard also specifies the marking technology formats of UID marking to maintain balance between markings of different items among the DoD. The process has simplified the item identification, item tracking and management process for the departments across the DoD.

According to the MIL-STD-130 spec, all the government furnished property, legacy items, newly purchased items, item deliverables and item under the possession of the contractors should be marked with unique identification. The UID is a set of data that contains necessary information about the particular part or the item. It is etched on the item directly or applied as label. The information is entered in the form of 2D data matrix barcode and is identified with the help of a barcode scanner.

The Items That Requires Unique Identification

The MIL-STD-130 spec has mandated that the items whose acquisition cost is more that $5000, that are managed by serial number, are consumables and part of controlled inventory, item that are mission critical are eligible to be uniquely identified with a UII.

Selection of UID Application Method

There are basically 2 methods of UID application- Direct part marking and application of UID labels. According to the MIL-STD-130 specification the method of marking a part or item should be selected on the basis of their requirements and functionality. For instance, if the environment of a part is not suitable for direct part marking, the application of UID label is the considered. However, the use of material in case of UID labels and the marking method for the direct part marking should be decided carefully considering the important aspects.

The Important Data Required for Unique Identification

The common data that are required for the unique identification marking of the items are part numbers, suppliers’ ID, serial numbers, manufacturing method, etc. The MIL-STD-130 spec requires that the UID data should be in 2D data matrix code. The data are encoded and entered to the item directly (in Direct part marking) or entered on the UID nameplates or labels that are affixed to the items with the help of adhesive or screws. It has also been mandated that the UID data should contain human readable data along with the machine-readable barcodes.

Requirements of the UID Marking

The MIL-STD-130 spec has stated that the UID marking of the items should be permanent for the functional life time of the item. Hence, the contractors are required to decide the marking method carefully so that the marking can withstand difficult environmental conditions. As the UID of the item is a globally unique identification and play a critical role in item management, it is important to enter correct and unambiguous marking for the items.

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Different Aspects of Consideration While Manufacturing UID L...

UID labels are significant for item management and hence, different aspect should be considered while manufacturing the labels or nameplates.

As item identification is a crucial part of business and application of UID labels play a significant role in marking the items with unique identification, you have to select the right kind of service provider for marking the UID labels. As the items are marked with unique identification to simplify the tracking process, it is essential to maintain a balance in the labeling of the items and the parts. The Department of Defense has also mandated several instructions that are followed by the contractors or manufacturers for a perfect UID marking system. Many companies in the United States turn to the UID specialists for perfect review of their UID labels or UID nameplates that can match up to their requirements.

UID labels are the crucial to any business and hence, it is required that the construction of the labels should such that they can meet your business requirements.

Selecting the Right Material

There are various kinds of UID labels and nameplates. However, you need to choose the material that is right for the items and compatible as well. For instance, the labels can be made of any material such as polyester, stainless steel, aluminum, etc. Depending on the material of your item you have to select the material of the labels. However, care should be taken that the material of the nameplate doesn’t harm the item or the parts. The material should be also selected on the basis of the working environment to which the items are going to be exposed. The marking procedures of the UID labels are selected on the basis of the material.

Durability of the UID labels

It is essential that the marking of the items should remain instance for the functional life time of the item. This means that the UII for an item is a permanent activity. Therefore, it is required that the nameplates or the labels and their marking should be durable for the throughout the lifetime of the items. Hence, the material that should be chosen for construction of the UID labels needs to be strong enough to withstand the adverse environmental condition, harsh working conditions, chemicals and cleaning process. Besides the material, the data entered to the labels should be clearly visible and readable throughout the lifetime of the item.

These days, business owners are outsourcing the construction of UID labels to contractors. Even the DoD signs contracts with the contractors for manufacturing the labels. Therefore, it is required that the contractors understand the specific business needs of their clients.

UID Compliance of the Labels

The service providers of the UID labels need to manufacture the items that match the standards of the UID requirements. The Department of Defense has mandated that all the items that require unique identification should match the MIL-STD-130 standards. The standard has mentioned the criteria for item marking starting from the data required for marking to format of marking.

It is crucial to construct perfect UID labels for better management of business with enhanced item tracking process.

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Direct Part Marking- A Complete Solution to Item Traceabilit...

Direct part marking is one of the efficient methods of UID marking and has been adopted by many business organizations.

Marking of items with globally unique identification being the primary consideration of all business sectors, direct part marking is the reliable and permanent method used for marking the items. In this method the UID data are directly applied to the surface of the parts or items using various techniques. The markings required to be permanent for the lifetime of the items. As the functional lifetime of the items vary for different items the direct part marking procedures also vary depending on the lifetime of the items.

Predominantly, the process of direct part marking is common method of marking used in aerospace, automotive and electronic manufacturing industry. The method ensures efficient traceability of the items parts and products for their lifetime. DPM of the parts also conform to various safety regulatory requirements and durability along with aiding to the data logging for safety.

Direct part marking is a method of marking the parts or items with 2 dimensional data matrix barcode on the surface of the item. The data entered as UII are critical information about the item. The machine readable data that are entered through the direct part marking appear very small to the normal vision. The possible human errors are removed while encoding the data into 2D data matrix code.

The most common method of direct part marking is the Inject part marking technology that has a widespread use in the aerospace, automotive, electronics, home building products, lumber, food, medical and packaging industries. The technique is useful for it offers better resistance of the marking for a longer period of time when compared to other marking methods. The direct part marking method is especially useful for building products with which it produces the premium quality marks. Apart from the DoD products, the automotive, pharmaceutical, packaging, electronic and consumer goods manufacturing industries are also applying the Inject part marking technique for enhanced tracking of their products.

Apart from the Inject part marking, there are other popular methods of direct part marking. Digital process technology is ideal for wide range of products. The process doesn’t require consumables or curing, and produces high contrast permanent marking solutions. It one of the cost-effective direct part marking solution for the manufacturer and especially effective for the 3D plastic products. For products with limited surface area, the digital process technology of marking is the best solution for it can produce micro-marking.

Apart from ensuring lifetime traceability of the product with permanent UII marking direct part marking has several other advantages. It doesn’t require added material such as nameplates or labels for marking of the items. Rather the essential data are etched on the surface of the parts. It avoids any detrimental effect of the labels or the materials used in the labels.As the data are directly etched on the surface of the there is low risk of any damage to the data even if the part is exposed to adverse environment. In brief, direct part marking is able to meet the growing requirements of unique identification of products and item traceability.

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